СТАТУС И ПРАВА ДЕЦЕ У ОРУЖАНИМ СУКОБИМА
Кључне речи:
деца; међународно хуманитарно право; оружани сукобиСажетак
На неке категорије лица оружани сукоби остављају теже последице с обзиром на њихов специфичан положај и њихову рањивост, а то су деца. Због тога, они треба да уживају посебну заштиту. Разлог лежи у томе што се у току оружаних сукоба неретко дешава да деца, не само што представљају жртве, буду предмет манипулација и искоришћавања на различите начине. Па тако, у неким ситуацијама деца чак постану регрутована како би и они вршили кривична дела која представљају најтежа кршења међународног хуманитарног права. Оваква врста ангажовања, која је данас широко распрострањена, ствара дуготрајне последице у психолошком, физичком и друштвеном сазревању деце. Све чешћа појава указала је на потребу да се ова категорија лица заштити на међународном нивоу, доносећи документе који ће побољшати статус деце. Такође, међународни механизми, који својим ставовима утичу на међународну заједницу, допринели су тако што су креирали нова правила уз помоћ којих се обезбеђује положај деце. На пример, сматра се да присилна регрутација деце млађих од 18 година и њихово укључивање у оружани сукоб представља један од најгорих облика дечијег рада. Са друге стране, ангажовање деце млађих од 15 година представља ратни злочин у складу са многобројним међународним документима, као што је Римски статут Међународног кривичног суда.
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Правни прописи
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child - Афричка повеља о правима и добробити детета, Organisation of African Unity, 01 July 1990.
Convention on the Rights of the Child - Конвенција о правима детета, United Nations, General Assembly Resolution 44/25, 20 November 1989.
Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field of 12 August 1949 - Женевска конвенција о побољшању положаја рањеника и болесника у оружаним сукобима.
Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea of 12 August 1949 - Женевска конвенција о побољшању положаја рањеника, болесника и бродоломника оружаних снага на мору.
Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949 - Женевска конвенција о заштити грађанских лица за време рата.
Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of 12 August 1949 - Женевска конвенција поступању са ратним заробљеницима.
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts - Додатни протокол уз Женевске конвенције од 12. августа 1949. године о заштити жртава немеђународних оружаних сукоба - Додатни Протокол I, 8 June 1977.
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts - Додатни Протокол уз Женевске конвенције од 12. августа 1949. године о заштити жртава немеђународних оружаних сукоба - Додатни Протокол II, 8 June 1977.
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Судска пракса
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